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Monday, September 7, 2009

+ BAGAIMANA DAN BILA AL-QURAN DITURUNKAN...?? +

Terdapat dua pendapat mengikut ahli sejarah, termasuk pendapat para ahli hadis, tentang Al-Quran yang diturunkan (diwahyukan) kepada Nabi Muhammad saw.

Pendapat pertama menyatakan bahawa Al-Quran diturunkan pada malam Isnin tanggal 17 Ramadhan, 13 tahun sebelum hijrah (6 Ogos 610 M). Pendapat kedua pula menyatakan bahawa Al-Quran telah diturunkan pada malam Isnin, tanggal 24 Ramadhan (13 Ogos 610 M). Pendapat yang pertama adalah berdasarkan ayat 41 dari Surah Al-Anfaal, manakala pendapat kedua dasarnya adalah ayat 1 Surah Al-Qadr dan ayat 1-4 Surah Ad-Dukhan.

Walaupun tradisi Nuzul Al-Quran telah lazim diperingati pada tanggal 17 Ramadhan, namun sesungguhnya pendapat kedua adalah lebih kuat dan lebih mungkin benarnya. Ini adalah kerana malam Lailatul Qadar yang dipercayai sebagai malam turunnya Al-Quran bukanlah terjadi pada tanggal 17 Ramadhan.

Adapun dalam firman Allah SWT pada ayat 41 surah Al-Anfaal, yaitu: "…jika kamu beriman kepada Allah dan apa-apa yang Kami turunkan kepada hamba Kami (Nabi Muhammad saw) pada hari Furqan,iaitu di hari bertemunya dua pasukan (diperang Badar, antara muslimin dan kafirin)…" (TTQ 8 : 41) Ayat tersebut tidak ada sangkut-pautnya dengan Nuzul Al-Quran.

Tetapi sebenarnya ayat tersebut merupakan penjelasan tentang hukum pembahagian harta rampasan perang (seperti yang terdapat pada awal ayat tersebut). " Ketahuilah sesungguhnya apa saja yang dapat kamu peroleh sebagai rampasan perang, maka sesungguhnya seperlima untuk Allah, RasulNya, kerabat-kerabat (Rasul), anak-anak yatim, orang-orang miskin dan ibnussabil (orang yang sedang dalam perjalanan)…" (TTQ 8 : 41).

Dan apabila diteliti dengan lebih lanjut, yakni dengan menghubungkan hadis-hadis tentang turunnya Al-Quran, iaitu pada Lailatul-Qadar dan kelahiran Rasullullah pada hari Isnin serta pada catatan-catatan waktu di dalam takwim, maka akan diperolehi kesimpulan yang lebih tepat, iaitu Al-Quran diturunkan pada hari Isnin, malam 21 bulan Ramadhan, 13 tahun sebelum Rasullulah saw berhijrah ke Madinah.

Menurut para mufassirin, Al-Quran yang diturunkan pada malam "Lailatul Qadar" sebagaimana disebut di atas adalah Al-Quran yang turun sekaligus di "Baitul Izzah" di langit dunia. Sedangkan Al-Quran yang diturunkan ke bumi dan diterima Rasullullah sebagai wahyu terjadi secara beransur-ansur selama sekitar 23 tahun.

Adapun ayat-ayat yang pertama diturunkan (diwahyukan) kepada Nabi Muhammad saw adalah ayat 1-5 surah Al-'Alaq.

Dan peristiwa ini terjadi ketika nabi saw sedang bertahannus (menyendiri) di Gua Hira. Sedangkan ayat Al-Quran yang terakhir sekali diturunkan adalah ayat-ayat riba iaitu ayat 278 sehingga 281 dari surah Al-Baqarah.

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